Most of Bullet Train's functionality is distributed via Ruby gems, not the starter template. Thankfully, in practice we found that some of this new tooling improves even layers of indirection that have always been with us in Rails development. Our goal in Bullet Train is to improve developer experience, not reduce it, so it was important that along with any instances of indirection we were introducing, we also included new tooling to ensure it was never a burden to developers.
#Indirection table update#
In the future, when another developer goes to update the button label, they will first open the view, they'll see t(".submit") and then have to reason a little bit about which translation file they need to open up in order to update that label.
#Indirection table software#
In software development, indirection is everywhere and takes many forms.įor example, in vanilla Rails development, you introduce a type of indirection when you extract a button label out of a view file and use the t helper to render the string from a translation YAML file. * Includes costs associated with independent (self-sponsored) research and development (IR&D) activities.Dealing with Indirection The Problem with Indirection Indirect Rate Based on Total Direct Costs Indirect Cost Pool Vacation, Holiday and Sick Leaveĭirect Labor Costs (Salaries and Wages excluding vacation, A single rate structure is illustrated below. Generally, indirect cost rate structures for commercial organizations follow a single, two-rate (for example, fringe and overhead rates), or three-rate (for example, fringe, overhead, and General and Administrative expense rates) system. The indirect cost base or bases (that is, the denominator(s) of the fraction producing a rate) should be selected so as to permit an equitable distribution of indirect costs to the benefiting cost objectives. Therefore, fringe benefits treated as indirect costs should not be included as a direct cost in the "Personnel" category of the budget form of the grant application or on a contract proposal. These fringe benefits are applied to direct salaries charged to projects either through a fringe benefit rate or as part of an overhead/indirect cost rate. Indirect costs include costs which are frequently referred to as overhead expenses (for example, rent and utilities) and general and administrative expenses (for example, officers' salaries, accounting department costs and personnel department costs).Ĭommercial (for-profit) organizations usually treat "fringe benefits" as indirect costs. It is the ratio between the total indirect costs of an applicant and some equitable direct cost base. Indirect costs are usually grouped into common pools and charged to benefiting objectives through an allocation process/indirect cost rate.Īn indirect cost rate is simply a device for determining fairly and expeditiously the proportion of general (non-direct) expenses that each project will bear. In simpler terms, indirect costs are those costs not readily identified with a specific project or organizational activity but incurred for the joint benefit of both projects and other activities. An indirect cost shall not be allocated to a final cost objective if other costs incurred for the same purpose in like circumstances have been included as a direct cost of that or any other final cost objective. After direct costs have been determined and charged directly to the contract or other work, indirect costs are those remaining to be allocated to the several cost objectives. It is not subject to treatment as a direct cost. Indirect Costs (definition extracted from FAR Part 31.2)Īn indirect cost is any cost not directly identified with a single, final cost objective, but identified with two or more final cost objectives or an intermediate cost objective. To facilitate preparation of an indirect cost proposal, shown below are (1) some definitions of the term "indirect costs," (2) a brief discussion of indirect cost rate structures and (3) a simple example of an indirect cost rate computation. Office of Acquisition and Logistics Management (OALM).NIH Contract Tool Box and External links.NIH Small Business Program Office Appointment & Inquiry Tool.The NIH Path to Excellence & Innovation Initiative.NIH Small Business Program Office (SBPO).Reference Material for Prospective Offerors and Contractors.The NIH Enterprise Document Generation System.
Division of Simplified Acquisition Policy and Services (DSAPS).Division of Financial Advisory Services (DFAS).Continuously Open Broad Agency Announcements.Division of Acquisition Policy and Evaluation (DAPE).
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